Long-acting ß-adrenoceptor agonists in the management of COPD: focus on indacaterol
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Long-acting β-adrenoceptor agonists in the management of COPD: focus on indacaterol
Bronchodilators are the cornerstone of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment to improve airflow, symptoms, exercise tolerance, and exacerbations. There is convincing evidence that regular treatment with long-acting bronchodilators is more effective and convenient than treatment with short-acting bronchodilators. Long-acting β-2-agonists include the twice-daily drugs form...
متن کاملWhy are long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonists long-acting?
The extended duration of bronchodilation due to formoterol and salmeterol greatly exceeds that of short acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, such as salbutamol or terbutaline. This extended duration and their capacity to "reassert" airway smooth muscle relaxation in vitro despite repeated washing has prompted considerable debate on the underlying mechanism(s). The comparative pharmacology, and ...
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INTRODUCTION Indacaterol is a novel once daily long-acting beta agonist (LABA) developed for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. AIMS This review summarizes preclinical and clinical data of indacaterol, including all data generated during the phase II trial program, and further discusses the outlook and potential of the drug in the future treatment of COP...
متن کاملSome pharmacodynamic aspects on long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonists.
1. Formoterol and salmeterol are the first members of a new generation of long-acting beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists for inhalation. The discovery of the long effect duration of formoterol was made by chance, while the development of salmeterol appeared to follow a purposeful research strategy. 2. Preclinical evaluation predictive of the clinical duration of effect of long-acting bronchodilators...
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چکیده ارتباط در کلاس به عوامل زیادی از جمله معلمان، دانش آموزان، برنامه های درسی و از همه مهم تر، مواد آموزشی وابسته است. در تدریس ارتباطی زبان که تاکید زیادی بر توانش ارتباطی دارد، کتاب درسی به عنوان عامل موثر بر پویایی کلاس محسوب میگردد که درس ها را از طریق فراهم آوردن متن ارتباط کلاسی و هم چنین نوع تمرین زبانی که دانش آموزان در طول فعالیت های کلاسی به آن مشغول اند، کنترل می کند. این حقیقت ک...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
سال: 2011
ISSN: 1178-2005
DOI: 10.2147/copd.s7371